Prefer action games to listening to stories.“The ABC’s, “Happy Birthday” or “Old MacDonald”) May like music but have difficulty learning the words to children’s songs.May avoid noisy situations such as loud parties and group play activities.Poor phonological awareness skills such as sound discrimination, sound-symbol relationships, and identifying the beginning, middle, and ending sounds of words.May appear shy or keep to himself/herself to avoid talking with other children.May sing way off-tune or have a monotone voice.Has an easier time with “nonverbal” concepts such as matching colors and shapes.Learns better through hands on activities when shown what to do, rather than being told what to do.Difficulty learning new verbally presented concepts, instructions, or activities (may stare back with a blank face, wait and watch other children, or refuse to participate).Difficulty staying focused on a person’s voice.Seems to “tune out” others “daydream” or be “in a world of his/her own.”.Prefer puzzles or watching videos and television to listening to books.Need tactile or visual cues to attend when spoken to.Highly distractible, especially in noisy situations. “Put your notebook away, and line up for recess.”) Difficulty following directions that other children the same age can follow easily (e.g.Articulation errors that are not consistent or that suggest acoustic confusions (such as substituting d for g).Confusion of similar sounding words (cap/cat).Brain injury (Concussion or Traumatic Brain Injury/TBI).Traumatic birth (extremely long labor, forceps used, stuck in birth canal, etc.).Language delayed – Early signs of APD often appear at a young age when a child’s attention and language skills may be below average compared to other children the same age.Extremely high fever (over 105 degrees) as a very young child.Prematurity – Can result in a delay in the development of the central auditory nervous system.It can often cause long term effects on auditory development because it leads to rewiring of the parts of the brain that process sounds. This results in inaccurate coding of speech sounds. History of ear infections- Children with a history of frequent ear infections are at a greater risk for APD because speech often sounds muffled and distorted when the middle ear is full of fluid.The following are red flags that are commonly seen in children with APD: These formative years are when the brain learns to map auditory information into its language learning centers. The first three years of life are critical to speech and language developments.
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